the first century CE saw another incursion of the Sakas of primary Asia into India, the place they formed the dynasty of the Western Kshatrapas. The 4 on the spot successors of Hāla (r. 20–24 CE) had quick reigns totalling about a dozen years. For the duration of the reign of the Western Satrap Nahapana, the Satavahanas lost a considerable territory to the satraps, including japanese Malwa, Southern Gujarat, and northern Konkan, from Broach to Sopara and the Nasik and Pune.
Gautamiputra Satakarni (78–102 CE)
finally Gautamiputra (Sri Yagna) Sātakarni (often referred to as Shalivahan) (r. Seventy eight–102 CE)defeated the Western Satrap ruler Nahapana, restoring the prestige of his dynasty by way of reconquering a tremendous part of the former dominions of the Sātavāhanas.
In keeping with the Nasik inscription made by means of his mother Gautami Balasri, he is the one...
...Who beaten down the pride and conceit of the Kshatriyas; who destroyed the Sakas (Western Kshatrapas), Yavanas (Indo-Greeks) and Pahlavas (Indo-Parthians),... Who rooted out the Khakharata household (the Kshaharata family of Nahapana); who restored the glory of the Satavahana race.
Gautamiputra Satakarni might also have defeated Sakas in 78 CE (ref ?) and started the calendar known as Shalivahana era or Shaka technology, which is adopted by means of the Telugu people, Gujarati, Marathi and Kannadiga is the Indian countrywide calendar. Earlier in fifty six BCE, Vikramaditya king of Ujjain defeated Sakas and started Vikram Samvat era. His mom stated his title to be "Satavahana-kula-yasa-pratisthapanakara".
Gautamiputra Sātakarni's son, Vashishtiputra Pulumāyi (r. 102–one hundred thirty CE), succeeded him. Gautamiputra used to be the primary Sātavāhana ruler to difficulty the portrait-kind coinage, in a style derived from the Western Satraps.Successors
Gautamiputra's brother, Vashishtiputra Sātakarni, married the daughter of Rudradaman I of the Western Satraps dynasty. Around one hundred fifty CE, Rudradaman I, now his partner's father, waged warfare in opposition to the Satavahanas, who were defeated twice in these conflicts. Vashishtiputra Satakarni was best spared his lifestyles considering the fact that of his household hyperlinks with Rudradaman:"Rudradaman (...) who received just right document since he, regardless of having twice in reasonable battle totally defeated Satakarni, the lord of Dakshinapatha, due to the nearness of their connection didn't break him."as a consequence of his victories, Rudradaman regained the entire former territories earlier held by using Nahapana, except for the severe south territories of Pune and Nasik.
Satavahana dominions were restricted to their normal base within the Deccan and eastern crucial India round Amaravati. Nevertheless, the final great king of this dynasty, Yajna Satakarni, defeated the Western Satraps and reconquered their southern areas in western and vital India which led to the decline of the Western Satraps Dynasty. During the reign of Sri Yajna Sātakarni (one hundred seventy–199 CE) the Sātavāhanas regained some prosperity, and a few of his cash had been discovered in Saurashtra but around the middle of the 3rd century, the dynasty got here to an end.
four or 5 kings of Yajna Satakarni's line succeeded him, and endured to rule till about the mid 200s CE. Nevertheless, the dynasty was soon extinguished following the upward thrust of its feudatories, possibly by reason of a decline in crucial energy. A number of dynasties divided the lands of the dominion among themselves. Among them have been:
• Western Satraps within the northwestern part of the dominion.
• Andhra Ikshvakus (or Srīparvatiyas) in the Krishna-Guntur area. (r. 220–320 CE).
• Abhiras within the western a part of the kingdom. They had been eventually to prevail the Sātavāhanas of their capital Pratishthānapura.
• Chutus of Banavasi in North Karnataka.
• Kadambas of Banavasi in North Karnataka.
The Satavahanas are the first native Indian rulers to trouble their possess coins with portraits of their rulers, opening with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a tradition derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest.
Satavahana coins provide precise indications as to their chronology, language, and even facial facets (curly hair, long ears and robust lips). They issued mainly lead and copper coins; their portrait-form silver cash had been on the whole struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings.
The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all intervals, used a Prakrit dialect without exception. Some reverse coin legends are in Tamil, Kannada & Telugu language, which seems to have been in use of their heartland abutting the Godavari, Kotilingala, Karimnagar in Telangana, Krishna, Amaravati, Guntur in Andhra Pradesh.
Their cash also show more than a few usual symbols, similar to elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a pass with 4 circles at the end. The legendary Ujjayini Emperor Vikramditiya on whose name the Vikram Samvat is initiated might be Satakarni II a Satavahana emperor because the Ujjayini symbol also regarded on the Satavahana cash.
Of the Sātavāhana kings, Hāla (r. 20–24 CE) is noted for compiling the gathering of Maharashtri poems known as the Gaha Sattasai (Sanskrit: Gāthā Saptashatī), although from linguistic evidence it appears the work now extant have got to have been re-edited in the succeeding century or two. The Lilavati describes his marriage with a Ceylonese Princess.
The Satavahanas influenced South-East Asia to a first-class extent, spreading Hindu culture, language and faith into that a part of the arena. Their coins had photos of ships.
The Sātavāhana rulers are additionally exceptional for their contributions to Buddhist artwork and architecture. They developed great stupas in the Krishna River Valley, together with the stupa at Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh. The stupas were adorned in marble slabs and sculpted with scenes from the lifetime of the Buddha, portrayed in a attribute slim and based kind. The Satavahana empire colonized Southeast Asia and spread Indian tradition to those ingredients. The Amaravati variety of sculpture spread to Southeast Asia presently.
The Satavahanas contributed greatly to the embellishment of the Buddhist stupa of Sanchi. The gateways and the balustrade have been developed after 70 BCE, and show up to have been commissioned through them. An inscription documents the reward of one of the crucial top architraves of the Southern Gateway through the artisans of the Satavahana Emperor Satakarni:
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